This article should have been titled “Creating Links from Custom Menus and Buttons in Google Sheets with Google Apps Script: And Why it’s probably not a good idea”, but you know, I got to appease the SEO gods.
There is no natural or “out-of-the-box” way to create hyperlinks for custom menu items and buttons in Google Sheets. The solution I am providing below is a somewhat hacky approach, that I am not fond of and I will suggest some better alternatives in my summary.
However, there are a few occasions where you may feel forced into a corner as a developer to provide direct links from custom menus, buttons and images in Google Sheets. With this in mind, let’s get cracking.
Table of Contents
The Example and Starter Sheet
In the example, I will provide custom links to my homepage and YouTube channel via a custom menu. I will also add an image link and button (Drawing) link.
You can find a link to the starter sheet below:
The Code
To attempt to transform a menu item or button into a link we use a Google Apps Script modal dialogue box as an intermediary. We can use HTML, JavaScript and CSS in these dialogues in the same way we would in a website.
This means that we can run the JavaScript window.open() command globally as soon as the dialogue opens which will open the link in a new tab (On most occasions) IF the user has given permission to unblock pop-ups for Google Sheets in their browser.
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/** * Google Apps Script simple trigger that is run when the sheet is opened. */ function onOpen() { SpreadsheetApp.getUi().createMenu("Links") .addItem("Yagisanatode.com", "openYagi") .addItem("YouTube", "openYT") .addToUi(); } /** * Run when Yagisanatode.com is selected from the "Links" menu or the Yagisanatode Icon is clicked. * Executs openUrl with selected URL payload. * */ function openYagi(){ openUrl("https://yagisanatode.com") }; /** * Run when "YouTube" is run from the "Links" menu or when the red YouTube button is clicked. * Executs openUrl with selected URL payload. */ function openYT(){ openUrl("https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD87mXoxEo_A9uHciAMB5GQ") } /** * Opens the URL by using a temporary HTML dialogue environment that closes after the url has been * opened. If the URL could not open, information text appears in the dialog and the dialog stays open. * @param {String} the URL to open. * */ function openUrl(url){ const blob = ` <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <base target="_top"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ssl.gstatic.com/docs/script/css/add-ons1.css"> </head> <body> <div id="blocked" hidden> <p><a href="${url}"onclick="window.open(this.href)" rel="nofollow noopener">Go to link! \>\></a></p> <p>Hey there! You have popups blocked for Google Workspace Docs so you will have to click the link above.</p> <p>You can always remove the popup block for next time. 👍</p> <button onclick="google.script.host.close()">Close</button> </div> <script> const urlLinked = window.open("${url}"); if(urlLinked){ google.script.host.close() }else{ document.getElementById("blocked").hidden = false; } </script> </body> </html> ` const html = HtmlService.createHtmlOutput(blob) .setWidth(400) .setHeight(200); const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi(); ui.showModalDialog(html,"Link") }; |
If you have found the tutorial helpful, why not shout me a coffee ☕? I'd really appreciate it.
onOpen()
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/** * Google Apps Script simple trigger that is run when the sheet is opened. */ function onOpen() { SpreadsheetApp.getUi().createMenu("Links") .addItem("Yagisanatode.com", "openYagi") .addItem("YouTube", "openYT") .addToUi(); } |
The onOpen() function is a built-in simple trigger in Google Apps Script that can run scripts when the Google Sheet (Or Google Doc, Slide or Form) opens.
In our example, we are using onOpen() to create our custom menu “Links”. We do this by using the SpreadsheetApp class’ getUi() instance class that allows us to build on the existing user interface. The UI class contains the Google Apps Script createMenu() builder which has its own set of methods to construct a custom menu. The builder takes a menu name as an argument, which we have defined as “Links”.
We then use the addItem() method to build two sub-menus, ‘Yagisanatode.com’ and ‘YouTube’. This method takes a title that will appear in the menu and a function name that will be executed when the menu item is clicked.
The menu then needs to be built using the addToUi() method.
You can get a better understanding of menus in this beginner’s tutorial.
openYagi() openYT()
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/** * Run when Yagisanatode.com is selected from the "Links" menu or the Yagisanatode Icon is clicked. * Executs openUrl with selected URL payload. * */ function openYagi(){ openUrl("https://yagisanatode.com") }; /** * Run when "YouTube" is run from the "Links" menu or when the red YouTube button is clicked. * Executs openUrl with selected URL payload. */ function openYT(){ openUrl("https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD87mXoxEo_A9uHciAMB5GQ") |
Each sub-menu directs to its own function. Both of these functions are identical and simply add the relevant URL for each button and then calls the openUrl() function.
These functions also have a secondary purpose for us. We can attach these function names to each of our buttons.
You can change out these functions to your own URL and names, just make sure you update the addItem methods in the create menu builder.
You can learn a lot more about how to run script from buttons, diagrams and images in Google Sheets with Apps Script in this tutorial:
https://yagisanatode.com/2019/03/07/google-apps-script-how-to-connect-a-button-to-a-function-in-google-sheets/
However, the basics are:
- Right-click the image.
- Select the vertical ellipses from the top right of the image.
- Select ‘Assign Script’.
- Paste in your function (without the braces
()). - Select ‘Ok’.
openUrl(url)
The openUrl() function contains the selected URL as a parameter.
The is the function that gets all of our work done.
blob(The HTML)
Our blob text is basically our HTML page that will make up our modal dialogue box. The constant variable blob looks like this:
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <base target="_top"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ssl.gstatic.com/docs/script/css/add-ons1.css"> </head> <body> <div id="blocked" hidden> <p><a href="${url}"onclick="window.open(this.href)" rel="nofollow noopener">Go to link! \>\></a></p> <p>Hey there! You have popups blocked for Google Workspace Docs so you will have to click the link above.</p> <p>You can always remove the popup block for next time. 👍</p> <button onclick="google.script.host.close()">Close</button> </div> <script> const urlLinked = window.open("${url}"); if(urlLinked){ google.script.host.close() }else{ document.getElementById("blocked").hidden = false; } </script> </body> </html> |
Keep in mind that the above HTML is encapsulated in template literals (backticks (`)).
I’ve set the stylesheet to use Google’s recommend CSS package for Add-on, sidebars and dialogues for ease and consistency. Line 5
The Script tags
Let’s skip the div for now and head down to the content in the script tags. Lines 16-25
First, we set a variable named, urlLinked to window.open("${url}"). This is a JavaScript DOM method that opens a URL when called. In our case, we have added our selected URL as a template literal tag. Line 18
If the URL is able to be opened in a new tab urlLinked will return an object or for our purpose a “truthy’ result so we know everything worked and we can close the dialogue automatically with google.script.host.close(). Lines 19-20
If the URL could not be opened in a new tab (likely a result of your browser’s pop-up blocker) then urlLinked will return null. We then need to select our HTML div with an id of “blocked” and unhide it. Line 21-22
The “blocked” div
Our “blocked” HTML div is unhidden when the browser prevents the script from automatically opening the new window.
The first thing we need to do is give the user a link to the URL they were looking for. You will notice that we use window.open() again instead of the URL directly. This is because dialogues and sidebars in Google Sheets are embedded iframes. You can learn more about this here:
Using Hyperlinks in Dialogs and Sidebars to open a URL in a new Tab with Google Apps Script
Next, we provide a message explaining what is going on and how they might want to fix it in future.
Finally, we provide a close button for them to exit from the dialogue box should they have an aversion to clicking the “x” in the top right of the box.
Why directly linking from Menu items images and buttons is not a great approach.
The user still needs to authorise the script
This might be fine if you have some links say to an external help page as a part of a larger project, but it is probably not a sound idea to create a simple project that just produces links from menus or buttons. The user is already going to be annoyed that they have to go through the Google Apps Script permission process.
Perhaps if you are publishing an add-on this might be okay, because the permission process is a lot smoother.
It doesn’t always work
As you can see in the script above, we have included a failsafe if a pop-up blocker is enabled. More often than not this will be the result of running the script unless the user specifically unblocks popups in their browser for Google Sheets.
It’s hacky – Google is probably not amused
There are always a few bugs and better implementations that arise in large software projects like Google Sheets. However, in this case, I get the feeling that Google has a very good reason for you to not directly link from menu bars and buttons in this way.
If you disagree:
- Let me know in the comments below. It’s always good to get alternate perspectives.
- You could always make a feature request on Google’s Issue Tracker (feel free to link your issue in the comments below).
Workarounds and alternatives
Simulated mouse clicking
There is a clever bit of code by Stephen M Harris that used the same modal dialogue event but first sets a timeout on the dialogue to close. The script then generates an anchor element followed by a scripted mouse click event which is a common workaround to prevent pop-up blockers from running.
Stephen also handles for Firefox’s idiosyncracies with his script too.
Personally, I think this is a little too forced for my liking, but many devs would disagree and I have seen a number of Google Workspace Marketplace apps using Stephen’s code. So, what do I know? 🤷♂️
You can find a link to the solution here on StackOverflow. If anything, give him some upvote love for the clever workaround.
External link dialogue warning
As you’ve traversed the Internet, have you ever seen a dialogue that warns you that you are about to navigate to an external link?
Yeah, this is one extra step for the user and that is a definite downside, but I also think that it better conforms with how Google intended links to be accessed from the UI.
This alternative is probably better suited to menu items rather than buttons and images.
Let’s go ahead and update the blob constant variable.
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const blob = ` <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <base target="_top"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ssl.gstatic.com/docs/script/css/add-ons1.css"> </head> <body> <div> <p>Warning! You about to click on an external link.</p> <p>If you trust the link, go for it. The URL will open in a separate browser tab or window.</p> <p><a href="${url}"onclick="window.open(this.href); google.script.host.close()" rel="nofollow noopener">Go to link! \>\></a></p> <p>Select close if you have changed your mind!</p> <button onclick="google.script.host.close()">Close</button> </div> </body> </html> ` |
Add a links page as a dialogue or sidebar
Another really useful approach is to create a separate links page as a dialogue or sidebar. This keeps all of your links in one location and out of your main document.
This is probably my main go-to and my clients tend to learn quickly how to get to these links to find resources and more instructions that complement the document or sheet that they are working in.
You can see some examples of this in this tutorial:
Using Hyperlinks in Dialogs and Sidebars to open a URL in a new Tab with Google Apps Script
Add a links sheet tab
If you are working in Google Sheets and you want to get something out quickly, why not just make a “Links” sheet tab for users to access? You can always protect the sheet tab, users will still be able to access the link without editing the page.
Button and Images can be linked without code
In a previous tutorial, I cover a few approaches on how to apply hyperlinks to images in cells in Google Sheets. This way when the user hovers over the link, they will see the link (with preview) that they can click on.
Conclusion
Well, this was probably not the satisfying answer you were, hoping for, sorry. But we have covered a number of ways for you to provide links to users from the somewhat ethically dubious to some good alternatives.
I would love to hear what your solutions were in the comments below and how you went about implementing them. Not only does it interest me, but others may find your perspectives and use cases helpful for your own projects.
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~Yagi
